What is the primary function of IL-10?

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is primarily known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making downregulating the inflammatory response its central function. It is produced by various immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, and plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. By inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, IL-10 effectively cools down excessive immune responses that can lead to chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders. This regulatory capability allows IL-10 to protect tissues from damage during inflammatory processes and contribute to wound healing.

In contrast, promoting inflammation, stimulating leukocyte production, and enhancing the immune response represent functions carried out by other cytokines or immune mediators. These processes are essential for defending the body against pathogens, but they do not align with IL-10's role in immunoregulation and suppression of inflammatory responses. Understanding IL-10's primary function is essential for recognizing its therapeutic potential in conditions where inflammation is detrimental.